Policy to Practice Gap dalam Program Makan Bergizi Gratis: Studi SWOT di Magelang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36982/jpp.v10i4.5982Keywords:
Makan Bergizi Gratis, Analisis SWOT, Policy to Practice Gap, Implementasi Lokal, MagelangAbstract
Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) yang diluncurkan pada tahun 2024 sebagai strategi nasional untuk menurunkan stunting dan memperkuat kualitas sumber daya manusia menunjukkan adanya policy-to-practice gap dalam implementasi di tingkat lokal. Penelitian ini menganalisis pelaksanaan MBG di Magelang dengan mengidentifikasi kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan ancaman (SWOT), serta merumuskan strategi untuk menjembatani desain kebijakan nasional dengan kapasitas adaptasi lokal. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam, diskusi kelompok terarah, observasi, dan telaah dokumen, dengan analisis data menggunakan koding tematik dan pemetaan SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dukungan politik pusat, struktur organisasi SPPG yang komprehensif, dan keterlibatan koperasi merupakan kekuatan utama, sementara keterbatasan variasi menu, ketergantungan pada pasokan eksternal, dan ketiadaan evaluasi berbasis outcome gizi menjadi kelemahan utama. Peluang muncul melalui pemberdayaan koperasi, literasi gizi, dan replikasi dapur percontohan, sedangkan ancaman berupa ketergantungan fiskal dan resistensi budaya konsumsi tetap membayangi. Analisis ini menegaskan bahwa SWOT tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai alat pemetaan teknis, tetapi juga sebagai lensa analitis untuk mengidentifikasi kesenjangan antara arahan kebijakan pusat dengan realitas lokal. Secara teoretis, penelitian ini berkontribusi pada literatur administrasi publik dengan memperlihatkan bagaimana SWOT dapat digunakan untuk menjembatani kebijakan dan praktik dalam tata kelola gizi. Secara praktis, penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan regulasi daerah, keberlanjutan pendanaan, serta kolaborasi lintas sektor untuk menjamin efektivitas dan keberlanjutan program.
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